Tag Archives: Outcome Assessment (Health Care)

The microbiological and clinical outcome of guide wire exchanged versus newly inserted antimicrobial surface treated central venous catheters. (Kamat)

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Parbat N, Sherry N, Bellomo R, Schneider AG, Glassford NJ, Johnson PD, Bailey M. The microbiological and clinical outcome of guide wire exchanged versus newly inserted antimicrobial surface treated central venous catheters. Crit Care. 2013 Sep 3;17(5):R184.

INTRODUCTION: The management of suspected central venous catheter (CVC)-related sepsis by guide wire exchange (GWX) is not recommended. However, GWX for new antimicrobial surface treated (AST) triple lumen CVC’s has never been studied. We aimed to compare the microbiological outcome of triple lumen AST CVC’s inserted by GWX (GWX-CVC’s) with newly inserted triple lumen AST CVC’s (NI-CVC’s).

METHODS: We studied a cohort of 145 consecutive patients with GWX-CVC’s and contemporaneous site-matched control cohort of 163 patients with a NI-CVC’s in a tertiary intensive care unit (ICU).

RESULTS: GWX-CVC and NI-CVC patients were similar for mean age (58.7 vs. 62.2 years), gender (88 (60.7%) vs. 98 (60.5%) male) and illness severity on admission (mean APACHE III: 71.3 vs. 72.2). However, GWX patients had longer median ICU length of stay (12.2 vs. 4.4 days; P<0.001) and median hospital length of stay (30.7 vs. 18.0 days; P <0.001). There was no significant difference with regard to the number of CVC tips with bacterial or fungal pathogen colonization among GWX-CVC’s vs. NI-CVC’s [5 (2.5%) vs. 6 (7.4%); P = 0.90]. Catheter-associated blood stream infection (CA-BSI) occurred in 2 (1.4%) GWX patients compared with 3 (1.8%) NI-CVC patients (p=0.75). There was no significant difference in hospital mortality [35 (24.1%) vs. 48 (29.4%); P= 0.29].

CONCLUSIONS: GWX-CVC’s and NI-CVC’s had similar rates of tip colonization at removal, CA-BSI and mortality. If the CVC removed by GWX is colonized, a new CVC must then be inserted at another site. In selected ICU patients at higher central vein puncture risk receiving AST CVC’s GWX may be an acceptable initial approach to line insertion.

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The short-term prognosis of cardiogenic shock can be determined using hemodynamic variables: a retrospective cohort study. (Dugan)

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Rigamonti F, Graf G, Merlani P, Bendjelid K. The short-term prognosis of cardiogenic shock can be determined using hemodynamic variables: a retrospective cohort study*. Crit Care Med. 2013 Nov;41(11):2484-91.

OBJECTIVES: Few reports address the relationship between hemodynamic variables and the cardiogenic shock outcome in critically ill patients. The present study aimed to investigate the association between hemodynamic variables and early cardiogenic shock mortality in critically ill patients.

DESIGN: Retrospective, single-center cohort study.

SETTING: Tertiary academic hospital’s 36-bed multidisciplinary intensive care.

PATIENTS: Initial presentation with cardiogenic shock.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The authors retrospectively analyzed medical information and the hemodynamic variables (recorded during the first 24 hr following admission to the ICU) of patients with cardiogenic shock. For all the patients, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, cardiac index, cardiac power index, and continuous hemodynamic values following the first 24 hours of admission were reviewed. Mortality within 28 days was the primary endpoint. All the variables were then compared with survival and nonsurvival status and those variables with a significant association in the univariate analysis were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model. Seventy-one patients were included. Among them, 26 (37%) died within 28 days after ICU admission and were classified as “nonsurvivors.” The minimum value for diastolic arterial blood pressure during the first 24 hours was independently associated with the 28-day mortality in the univariate and multivariate analyses model. This model performed better than the model using the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, even when assessing the effect of inotrope and vasoactive treatments at 24, 48, and 72 hours.

CONCLUSIONS: In the first 24 hours of an ICU admission, the minimum diastolic arterial blood pressure was a hemodynamic variable that was independently associated with 28-day mortality in cardiogenic shock patients.

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Risk-adjusted hospital outcomes for children’s surgery. (Vats)

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Pediatrics. 2013 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 23918898

BACKGROUND: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric was initiated in 2008 to drive quality improvement in children’s surgery. Low mortality and morbidity in previous analyses limited differentiation of hospital performance.

METHODS: Participating institutions included children’s units within general hospitals and free-standing children’s hospitals. Cases selected by Current Procedural Terminology codes encompassed procedures within pediatric general, otolaryngologic, orthopedic, urologic, plastic, neurologic, thoracic, and gynecologic surgery. Trained personnel abstracted demographic, surgical profile, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables. Incorporating procedure-specific risk, hierarchical models for 30-day mortality and morbidities were developed with significant predictors identified by stepwise logistic regression. Reliability was estimated to assess the balance of information versus error within models.

RESULTS: In 2011, 46 281 patients from 43 hospitals were accrued; 1467 codes were aggregated into 226 groupings. Overall mortality was 0.3%, composite morbidity 5.8%, and surgical site infection (SSI) 1.8%. Hierarchical models revealed outlier hospitals with above or below expected performance for composite morbidity in the entire cohort, pediatric abdominal subgroup, and spine subgroup; SSI in the entire cohort and pediatric abdominal subgroup; and urinary tract infection in the entire cohort. Based on reliability estimates, mortality discriminates performance poorly due to very low event rate; however, reliable model construction for composite morbidity and SSI that differentiate institutions is feasible.

CONCLUSIONS: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric expansion has yielded risk-adjusted models to differentiate hospital performance in composite and specific morbidities. However, mortality has low utility as a children’s surgery performance indicator. Programmatic improvements have resulted in actionable data.

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PELOD-2: an update of the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score. (Dugan)

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Crit Care Med. 2013 Jul;41(7):1761-73. PMID: 23685639

OBJECTIVE: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is the main cause of death in adult ICUs and in PICUs. The PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score developed in 1999 was primarily designed to describe the severity of organ dysfunction. This study was undertaken to update and improve the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score, using a larger and more recent dataset.

DESIGN: Prospective multicenter cohort study.

SETTING: Nine multidisciplinary, tertiary-care PICUs of university-affiliated hospitals in France and Belgium.

PATIENTS: All consecutive children admitted to these PICUs (June 2006-October 2007).

INTERVENTION: None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We collected data on variables considered for the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score during PICU stay up to eight time points: days 1, 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 18, plus PICU discharge. For each variable considered for the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score, the most abnormal value observed during time points was collected. The outcome was vital status at PICU discharge. Identification of the best variable cutoffs was performed using bivariate analyses. The PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score was developed by multivariable logistic regressions and bootstrap process. We used areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve to evaluate discrimination and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests to evaluate calibration. We enrolled 3,671 consecutive patients (median age, 15.5 mo; interquartile range, 2.2-70.7). Mortality rate was 6.0% (222 deaths). The PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score includes ten variables corresponding to five organ dysfunctions. Discrimination (areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0.934) and calibration (chi-square test for goodness-of-fit = 9.31, p = 0.317) of the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score were good.

CONCLUSION: We developed and validated the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score, which allows assessment of the severity of cases of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the PICU with a continuous scale. The PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score now includes mean arterial pressure and lactatemia in the cardiovascular dysfunction and does not include hepatic dysfunction. The score will be in the public domain, which means that it can be freely used in clinical trials.

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